Experts warn about artificial intelligence!
Stating that artificial intelligence is a very critical power and the impact area of this power is increasing rapidly, experts argue that the production and use of such a power and the collection of such power in any single authority can change the balances on the world. Pointing out that the era in which artificial intelligence needs to be controlled is approaching, Asst. Prof. Nuri Bingöl emphasizes that if precautions are not taken, this technology may pose risks equivalent to the level of nuclear energy. Pointing out that there is no answer yet to the question of how artificial intelligence controls will be implemented, Bingöl states that each country should have its own legislation and regulations rather than a global authority.
Üsküdar University Faculty of Health Sciences Deputy Dean, Head of Artificial Intelligence Engineering Master's Program Asst. Prof. Nuri Bingöl made evaluations on the possible risks that artificial intelligence models may bring and how these risks can be controlled.
Artificial intelligence can take away the jobs of many people in a large field
Stating that competent artificial intelligence models bring along possible risks, Asst. Prof. Nuri Bingöl said that "It is unnecessary to think about the media risks such as these people taking humanity into the palm of their hands for the time being because it provides great advantages to its users. However, many risks and dangers await us, and the effects of which we will have to face much sooner.". Reminding that with the industrial revolution, steam engines have taken away the jobs that people have done, but have also created many more business areas, Bingöl said that "Although it is said that artificial intelligence will 'create new job opportunities', the general models, which have recently attracted the attention of people from all strata of the society, have not been designed to do the work done by people more efficiently like steam engines. They are designed to be able to do all kinds of cognitive activities that humans can do. This means that everything we see as a new job opportunity can be learned by general models after a while. At no point in the process can businesses that operate without the need for humans be formed. If not managed correctly, the effects of such a change can be devastating on the world. General purpose artificial intelligence can take away the jobs of many people in a large field, from doctors to lawyers, from software engineering to managers. Moreover, it can work 24/7 and create a much cheaper cost than its human counterparts.".
The collection of such an important power under a single authority can change the balances in the world
Noting out that the risks brought by central supervision should be considered for the 'model creation and development phase', which is another stage of artificial intelligence, Bingöl said that it is a significant risk that this is done by a single authority. Stating that artificial intelligence is a very important power and the area of impact of this power is increasing rapidly, Bingöl stated that "The collection of the production and use of such an important power in any single authority, global or not, can change the balances on the world. Today, the problems created by nuclear power and its role on the world balance of power are clear.".
Without adequate precautions, artificial intelligence technology may carry risks equivalent to the level of nuclear energy
Referring to an article published by the founders and managers of a company that has made significant developments in the field of artificial intelligence technologies, Asst. Prof. Nuri Bingöl said that "The article states that artificial intelligence technologies should be used responsibly and supervised correctly. It is said that if this technology is not supervised, it can carry risks that can have negative effects on human life and society. According to the article, the period when artificial intelligence should be controlled by international institutions is approaching and if adequate measures are not taken, this technology may carry risks equivalent to the level of nuclear energy.".
The transformation of global power into a collection of powers raises other questions
"If we start from this nuclear power and risk analogy, it is clear what the results of the collection of artificial intelligence technology in a single authority, global or not, will lead to and how it will affect the world balance of power." Bingöl said, and continued: "To reduce this risk, the transformation of global power into a collection of forces with more than one actor raises other questions. How will the elements that represent global power be determined? What processes and powers will the exercise of this power be bound by? How will disputes be resolved and how will ratification and veto rights be managed fairly?".
If AI is not managed well, it can lead to more problems and power imbalances
Giving an example of the work of the World Health Organization during the pandemic process, Bingöl said that "The World Health Organization is a highly respected and accepted organization that is affiliated to the United Nations and conducts international studies on public health. However, to what extent has it contributed to the availability of emergency health services to all societies around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic? If the states that held the power to develop vaccines during the pandemic period had an impact on the world balance, which power used it and how? As can be seen, the global authority model, which we expect to be the solution to artificial intelligence controls and limitations, has not been able to solve all the problems of the models we experience in other subjects today. It is clear that a technology as powerful as artificial intelligence can lead to more problems and power imbalances if not managed well."
Each stage of production and use can be distributed to many different and independent authorities
Stating that artificial intelligence controls and limitations do not have to be structures such as 'circuit breakers' connected to a single center held by a global power, Bingöl stated that "It can be considered as open and transparent auditable regulations, laws and regulations that include various standards, working and trace frameworks, authority control infrastructures. The roles and responsibilities of various actors in this regard may be regulated by laws and legislations. These powers can be delegated to ensure multilateral independent controls. Intervention policies to be followed in out-of-control, threatening and dangerous working situations can be determined. These policies can be rehearsed and audited in advance, just like cybersecurity procedures. Each stage of production and use can be distributed to many different and independent authorities. Instead of supervising processes such as the creation and training of models with an international authority, the issue of 'how does it affect people's lives and does it violate people's rights?' should be audited after a model is created.".
There should be no obstacle for the institutions that need artificial intelligence capacity at a level that does not contain a national threat
Like every technological development, artificial intelligence technology needs resources, commercial models and attention for its development. Asst. Prof. Nuri Bingöl drew attention to the question of who will determine the limits that will create this expectation and with what criteria and said that "There will be additional significant burdens that will be brought by the control and limitation to be established on artificial intelligence. New compliance processes, obligations, processes, financing and resource use limitations... However, there should be no obstacle in for the institutions that need artificial intelligence capacity at a level that does not contain an existential or national threat to humanity.”.
There is no answer yet to the question of 'how' the audit will be implemented
Stating that there is still a long way to go on how to implement controls and limitations, Bingöl said that "For this reason, it is inevitable that government institutions, technology manufacturers and opinion leaders of this issue work together and produce solutions. Especially, how to implement these solutions without hindering development is a matter of study, and there is no answer yet. The idea of establishing an international authority will make sense when it finds this answer. The answers to questions such as how the powers of this international authority will be compatible with individual, national and powerful global firms, the control mechanisms and powers to be used will be clarified."
Each country should have its own legislation and regulations
Rather than a global authority, each country or association of countries should have legislation and regulations that it can adapt to its own to adhere to basic principles and accord. Asst. Prof. Nuri Bingöl said that "Building a balance on mutual obligations eliminates important risks for our country and, on the contrary, brings advantages.".
Reminding that Türkiye is subject to many international organizations and regulations, which comply with the obligations imposed by them without compromising its independence and security, and is able to fulfill its commitments, Bingöl concluded his remarks as follows:
"Our country has the necessary public, state and private institutions, universities and R&D centers and non-governmental organizations to achieve this. Among them is the experience and capacity to create legislation that will ensure coordination. In the global arena, Türkiye must be in the middle of such organizations. It deserves this status with its production, use and development of highly advanced artificial intelligence technologies in recent years to maintain the balance of power and have a say. It should also assume a leading role in justice, rights and law issues through artificial intelligence.".
Üsküdar News Agency (ÜNA)