German-American psychologist. He contributed to the spread of applied psychology and is considered the founder of industrial and organizational psychology. He conducted experimental studies on topics such as monotony, job selection, the physical and social effects on the workforce, attention and fatigue, and the effects of advertising. He also examined the technological, psychological, and social dimensions of cinema.
Hugo, who treated his patients in a laboratory rather than a clinic, argued—contrary to Freud—that there is no such thing as a subconscious and believed that mental illnesses are problems related to behavioral maladjustment.